10萬(wàn)學(xué)子升學(xué)擇校的主動(dòng)選擇

閱讀理解不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞咋辦？這些猜詞義的小技巧考前一定要掌握！

 二維碼 4



1類(lèi)屬法


即通過(guò)類(lèi)屬來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。如：
■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
說(shuō)明：從句意我們知道pineapples 和coconuts 與bananas, oranges是同類(lèi)事物，同屬水果(準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是“菠蘿”和“椰子”)。


2推理法


即根據(jù)文章的前后語(yǔ)境推出生詞的詞義。如：
■That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
說(shuō)明：既然一天之內(nèi)看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思應(yīng)該是“很大”了。


■Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
說(shuō)明：既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝”，說(shuō)明她“很美麗”(gorgeous)。


3列舉法


即通過(guò)對(duì)文章所列舉的事物來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。如：
■Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.
說(shuō)明：像 dogs 和 monkeys 之類(lèi)的“creatures”，顯然creatures的意思應(yīng)是“動(dòng)物”。


■In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.
說(shuō)明：periodical是生詞，但根據(jù)其后所列舉的例子，我們可以推測(cè)出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。


4構(gòu)詞法


即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞的詞義。如：
■Overwork may cause diseases.
說(shuō)明：前綴 over- 的意思是“過(guò)分的，過(guò)量的”，故 overwork的意思應(yīng)為“工作過(guò)度”。


■There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.
說(shuō)明：satisfied的意思是“滿意的”，前綴 dis- 的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied 的意思應(yīng)該是“不滿意的”。



5對(duì)比法


即根據(jù)文章前后的對(duì)比關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如：
■He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .
說(shuō)明：句中的 but 表明deteriorate 應(yīng)該與get better 的意思相反，即“惡化”。


■In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
說(shuō)明：上文說(shuō)兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的極端，那么下文中penury 應(yīng)與great wealth 相對(duì)，即表示“貧困”。


■Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
說(shuō)明：while 表對(duì)比，意為“而”，所以loquacious 應(yīng)是silent 的反義，即“多嘴的”。


■If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.
說(shuō)明：既然畫(huà)圈表示同意，那么畫(huà)叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。


6同位法


同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)所修飾詞語(yǔ)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋?zhuān)魧?duì)所修飾的詞語(yǔ)不熟悉，可通過(guò)其后同位語(yǔ)的“說(shuō)明或解釋”來(lái)確定其詞義。如：
■His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.
說(shuō)明：同位語(yǔ) the study of the sounds of language 表示 phonetics 的意思應(yīng)該是“語(yǔ)音學(xué)”。


■Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).
說(shuō)明：同位語(yǔ) a birth illness that damages the spine 表明了spina bifida 是一種病，一種對(duì)脊骨有損害的病。



7釋義法


即根據(jù)文章中所提供的釋義關(guān)系來(lái)確定生詞的詞義。如：
■They described him as a loon, or a mad man.
說(shuō)明：句中的or 是對(duì)loon的解釋?zhuān)磍oon與a mad man同義，即表示“瘋子”。


■It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.
說(shuō)明：句中的 that is 表明 it will break easily 是對(duì)brittle 的解釋?zhuān)瑥亩聹y(cè)出其意為“脆”。


■The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.
說(shuō)明：定語(yǔ)從句 who looks after sheep 表明herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。


■There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry andfeathery?
說(shuō)明：定語(yǔ)從句 that is somewhat dry and feathery(有點(diǎn)兒干、像羽毛似的)表明 fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。



8常識(shí)法


即根據(jù)普通常識(shí)推測(cè)生詞的詞義。如：
■It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.
說(shuō)明：根據(jù)常識(shí)，Bill Gates 為世界首富，所以affluent 可能是“富有的”。


■As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.
說(shuō)明：根據(jù)常識(shí)，Edison為發(fā)明大王，他應(yīng)因“發(fā)明”而聞名于世。
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